Skin Cancers

SKIN CANCER

>Numerous types of tumor arises in the skin.Most skin tumors are benign and do not spread(metastasis)to othr body areas.
>some skin tumors ate malignant or cancerous and tend to invade other body areas.

WORDS TO REMEMBER
SKIN = The membranous tissues forming the external covering or integument of an animal and consisting in vertebrae of the epidermis or dermis.

3 MAJOR TYPES OF SKIN CANCER

*BASAL CELL CARCINOMA (BCC)
*SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (SCC)
*MELANOMA

RISK FACTOR;

*FAIR SKIN
*A HISTORY OF SUNBURN
*EXCESSIVE SUN EXPOSURE
*SUNNY OR HIGH ALTITUDE CLIMATE
*MOLES
*A FAMILY HISTORY OF SKIN CANCER.
*A PERSONAL HISTORY OF SKIN CANCER
* A WEAKNED IMMUNE SYSTEM
*EXPOSURE TO RADIATION
*EXPOSURE TO CERTAIN SUBSTANCES.

Tonsillitis

Do have difficulty on swallowing, pain on the neck and fever?
Check and learn about tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of tonsil due to overwhelmed bacteria known as streptococcus.
*typically referred to as strep throat
strep throat is a contagious infection spread a close contact with an affected individual.

●causes

Adenoviruses that can cause a mild respiratory infection
influenza known as flu
respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) virus can cause respiratory tract and a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections.
Epstein-barr virus called human herpersvirus 4(HHv-4)

Nose Bleeding

What will you do ..When you wake up in the morning and suddenly your nose is bleeding?
Well this article will help you to understand some important tips on how to do some first aid and knowledge concerning nose bleeding.

Nosebleed!

>is a loss of blood from tissue lining and most occur in one nostril only.
>know as epistaxis in medical term
>a flow of blood from a rupture of blood vessels
> It is not a serious case and can handle easily if you have a proper knowledge
> tend to occur during winter and summer
> occur in any age but most common on age 2 to 10 years old and old aged people

●TYPES OF NOSEBLEED

Anterior Nosebleed
>Bleeding comes from the front of the nose.
>90 percent of nosebleed are anterior
Posterior Nosebleed
>bleeding comes from the artery in the back of the nose.
>elderly people often experience it.
>more complicated and need some medical intervention by an otolaryngologist ( an ears,nose and throat specialist)

Skin Tags

Skin Tags

What are Skin Tags?

Skin tags are known as acrochordon, cutaneous papilloma, cutaneous tag. Fibro epithelial polyp, fibroma pendulum, papilloma colli , soft fibroma and templeton skin tag.

>a small and soft hanging in the skin
>have different colors pink,brown,red, or black can require biopsy to exclude the cause of skin cancer.
>not harmless or tumor but a benign
>most common in woman than man

●most typical area skin tag exist

armpit
eyelid
groin
upper chest
under the breast
neck

Cluster Headache

Cluster Headache

What is Cluster Headache ?


-A type of headache that is known as suicide headache
-recur in over a period of time
-Nocturnal attack pain started after one to two hours after bed
-experience an epidose one to three times a day during a period of time
-most common in man than woman

Symptoms of Cluster Headache
nasal discharge
tearing of the eyes
facial swelling
one sided pain
pale skin on the eyes
drooping eyelid

FIBROMYALGIA

FIBROMYALGIA
 a syndrome characterized by chronic pain in any of the various muscles and surrounding soft tissues.(such as tendon and ligaments).

Fibro =fibrous tissues(latin)
Myo= muscle(greek)
algos=pain(greek)

CAUSES:
Unknown but is believed to involve psychological, genetic,neurobiological and environmental factor.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

*Fatigue
*sleep disturbance
*joint stiffness
*depression & anxiety
*abnormal pain
*dry eyes/ mouth
*nocturnal sweating

TREATMENT
*medication
*self care

MEDICATION/DRUGS:
*PAIN RELIEVER
*OPIOIDS
*ANTI- DEPRESSANT DRUGS

Breast Cancer

BREAST CANCER

>which is characterized by the growth of malignant tumors in the glandular tissues on the breast.
CAUSES;

HIGH RISK
*have long menstrual cycle. Began menses early or menopause late.
*family history of breast cancer
*have never been pregnant
*have had unilateral breast cancer
*were expose to low-level ionizing radiation.
*estrogen therapy
*high -fat diet
*obesit
*Fibro cystic disease of the breast
*have had endometrial or ovarian cancer

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
>Breast cancer occur more often in the right and often in the upper outer quadrant.

Leukemia

LEUKEMIA=Cancer that start in blood-forming tissues such the bone marrow and cause large number of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the blood stream.

>LEUKEMIA comes from the Greek word LEUKO means white
AIM means blood.

TYPES OF LEUKEMIA

■ACUTE=which is rapidly progressing disease that result in the accumulation of immature,useless cell in the marrow and blood.

■CHRONIC=Progress more slowly and allow more mature,useful cell to be made.
note: Acute leukemia crowds out the good cell more quickly than chronic leukemia.

TYPES OF AFFECTED BLOOD CELL;

●LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
>if the cancerous transformation occur in the type of marrow that makes lymphocytes.

●MYELOGENEOUS LEUKEMIA
>if the cancerous change occur in the type of marrow cell that go on to produce Red blood cell other types of white cells and platelets.

TYPES OF LEUKEMIA

■ACUTE LYMPHOBASTIC (LYMPHOCYCTIC)LEUKEMIA (ALL)
>abnormal growth if lymphocyte precursor(lymphoblast)
>most common types of leukemia among young children, although adult get it as well.
Following are the subtypes of leukemia.
*PRECURSOR B ACUTE LYMPHOBASTIC LEUKEMIA
*PRECURSOR T ACUTE LYMPHOBASTIC LEUKEMIA.
BURKITTS LEUKEMIA.
Tx;

Kidney Stones

KIDNEY STONES

>Kidney stones is hard, Crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract.
>known as Renal calculi.


WORDS TO REMEMBER
NEPHROLITHIASIS the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney.
UROLITHIASIS the disease condition resulting from formation of calculi in the urinary tract.
URETERO LITHIASIS for a presence of a calculus or calculi in one or both ureter.

CAUSES




Predisposing factors;

●DEHYDRATION Resultant decreased urine production concentrates calculus-forming substances.

●INFECTION
>In tissue provide a site for calculus development.
>Ph changes provide a favorable medium for calculus formation ( especially for magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi )
>may promote destruction of renal parenchyma.

Lung Cancer

LUNG CANCER;

>cancer that form in the tissues of the lung, usually in the cell lining air passage.
>develop within the wall or epithelium of the bronchial tree.

☆LUNGS☆

>refer to the two spongy organ in your chest that inhale oxygen and exhale or release carbon dioxide.

CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER;

Inhalation of carcinogenic pollutants by susceptible host.
Question; who is most susceptible?
Answer;smoker
*smoking is one cause of having lungs cancer.
*exposure to carcinogenic industrial.
*air pollutants such as;
>asbestos
>uranium
>nickel
>iron oxides
>chromium
>arsenic
>radioactive dust
>Coal dust

Anatomy and Physiology of Heart

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF HEART;

POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR VIEW!

DEFINITION:

HEART is hollow muscular organ that pump the blood through the circulatory system of rhythmic contraction and dilation.

PHYSIOLOGY;

As the heart beats or contract, the blood makes continuous round trip..in and out of the heart through the rest of the body, and then back to the heart..only to be sent out again..
>the amount of work that a heart does is almost too incredible to believe.
>In one day it pushes the body's supply of 6 quarts or so of blood through the blood vessels over 1000 times, meaning that it actually pump about 6000 quarts of blood in a single day.

●MAIN PARTS OF HEART ON ANTERIOR VIEWS;

(1) AORTA =the major systemic artery arises from the left ventricle.
>The largest artery in the body.
>Aorta begin at the top of the left ventricle, the heart's muscular pumping chamber.
>The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve.
>Three leaflets on the aortic valve open and close with each heartbeat to allow one way flood of the blood.

Configuration Post

This post is to hold the labels of the blog.

Thanks for viewing Healthcare Dome , The online portal to learn about medical facts and lessons.