Breast Cancer

BREAST CANCER

>which is characterized by the growth of malignant tumors in the glandular tissues on the breast.
CAUSES;

HIGH RISK
*have long menstrual cycle. Began menses early or menopause late.
*family history of breast cancer
*have never been pregnant
*have had unilateral breast cancer
*were expose to low-level ionizing radiation.
*estrogen therapy
*high -fat diet
*obesit
*Fibro cystic disease of the breast
*have had endometrial or ovarian cancer

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
>Breast cancer occur more often in the right and often in the upper outer quadrant.



SIGN AND SYMPTOMS.;

*a lump in the breast (a hard stony is usually malignant)
*a change in symmetry or size of the breast.
*change in breast skin(thickening scaly skin around the nipple.dimpling,edema)
*unusual drainage or discharged
*itching,burning, erosion or retraction.
*edema

DIAGNOSIS;

*MAMMOGRAPHY
*NEEDLE BIOPSY
*SURIGAL BIOPSY
*UTRASONOGRAPHY
OTHER TEST;
*BONE SCAN
*COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN
*MEASUREMENT OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVEL.
*LIVER FUNCTION STUDIES
*LIVER BIOPSY CAN DETECT DISTANT METASTASIS

TREATMENT;

■SURGERY;

*MASTECTOMY=surgical removal of all or part of the breast.
*LUMPECTOMY=surgical removal of tumor in the breast
KINDS OF MASTECTOMY
*SIMPLE MASTECTOMY=remove the breast but not the lymph nodes.
*MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY=remove the breast and the auxillary lymph nodes.
*RADICAL MASTECTOMY= remove the breast, pectoralis major and minor and the axillary lymph nodes.

■RADIATION THERAPY

■CHEMOTHERAPY,TAMOXIFEN,AND PERIPHERAL STEM CELL.

> THE COMMON USED ANTI NEOPLASTIC DRUGS
*CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
*FLUORUORACIL
*DOXORUBICIN
*VINCRISTINE
*PACLITAXEL
*PREDNISONE
>COMMON DRUGS COMBINATION
USED IN BOTH PRE MENOPAUSAL AND POST MENOPAUSAL.
*CYCLOPHOSPHAMID,METHOTREXATE AND FLUORUORACIL (CMF)

■PRIMARY RADIATION THERAPY.;
*used or after tumors removal
*effective for small tumors in early stage

■OTHER DRUGS;
>breast cancer patients may also receive;
*estrogen
*progesterone
*androgen
*anti androgen

Note;

Every woman must be aware and conscious on our health particularly our breast.. do some self examine at least once a month