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Healthcare Dome: Kidney Stones

Friday, May 9, 2014

Kidney Stones

KIDNEY STONES

>Kidney stones is hard, Crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract.
>known as Renal calculi.


WORDS TO REMEMBER
NEPHROLITHIASIS the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney.
UROLITHIASIS the disease condition resulting from formation of calculi in the urinary tract.
URETERO LITHIASIS for a presence of a calculus or calculi in one or both ureter.
CAUSES




Predisposing factors;

●DEHYDRATION Resultant decreased urine production concentrates calculus-forming substances.

●INFECTION
>In tissue provide a site for calculus development.
>Ph changes provide a favorable medium for calculus formation ( especially for magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi )
>may promote destruction of renal parenchyma.

●OBSTRUCTION
> Can result from urinary stasis.
>allow calculus constituent to collect the adhere forming calculi.
> promotes infection which in turn compound obstruction.

●METABOLISM FACTOR
>Predispose to renal calculi include ;
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM Overactivity of the parathyroid gland characterized by muscular weakness.
RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS = Medical conditions that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of kidney to appropriately acidity the urine.

ELEVATED URIC ACID (Usually with gout)

EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF VITAMIN D OR DIETARY CALCIUM.
Some of the factors that have been associated with the increased incidence of kidney stones include.
>family history of kidney stones.
>insulin resistance.
>History of disorder such as hypertension primary hyperparathyroidism , gout .
>long standing acidosis.
>structural abnormality of the urinary tract
> consumption of drugs such as triamterene, indinavir and acetazolamide.

TYPES OF KIDNEY STONES

●CALCIUM STONE



>made of calcium compounds especially calcium oxalate .
>conditions that cause high calcium level in the body.
>hyperparathyroidism increase the risk of calcium.
>high level of oxalate also increase the risk of calcium.

● URIC ACID STONES




> A waste product normally passed out of the body in the urine.
Note
You are more likely to have uric acid stone if u have.;
*low urine output
* a diet high in animal protein such red meat.
* Ab increase intake of alcohol.
*GOUT
*inflammatory bowel disease

●STRUVITE STONES



>they can also be called infection stone if they occur within kidney or urinary tract infections (UTIs)
>sometime called STAGHORN CALCULI if they grow large.
>can be serious because they are often large stones and may occur With infection.
>it can be treated by antibiotic or removal of the stone. Woman are more affected than men due to the higher risk of urinary tract infections.

●CYSTINE STONES



>Made of chemical called cystine
>cystine stone are more likely to occur people whose families have conditions that result in too much cystine in the urine.
(CYSTINURIA)
>can prevented or dissolved with medicine but this maybe difficult and not effective.
>removal of stone can be done it cause blockage in the urinary tract.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

*PAIN
>cramping in their side.groin or abdomen
*HEMATURIA(blood in the urine)
*restlessness
*feeling of vomiting
*fever and Chill.



DIAGNOSIS;

KIDNEY -URETER-BLADDER X-RAY reveal most renal calculi.
CALCULUS ANALYSIS show mineral content.
EXCRETORY UROGRAPHY confirms the diagnosis and determines size and location of calculi
KIDNEY ULTRASONOGRAPHY An easily performed noninvasive ,nontoxic test,detect obstructive change such as unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis.
URINE CULTURE of midstream specimens may indicate urinary tract infections.
URINALYSIS
A 24-HOUR URINE COLLECTION is evaluated for calcium oxalate,phosphorus and uric acid excretion level.
SERIAL BLOOD CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS detect hyperparathyroidism and show an increased calcium level in proportion to the normal level of serum protein.
BLOOD PROTEIN LEVEL determine level of free calcium unbound to protein.
BLOOD CHLORIDE AND BICARBONATE LEVEL may show renal tubular acidosis
INCREASED BLOOD URIC ACID LEVEL may indicate gout as the cause.
TREATMENT
> Renal calculi are smaller than 5mm in diameter ,treatment usually consists of measure to promote their natural passage.

■Antimicrobial therapy ( varying with cultured organism ) for infection
Analgesic such as MEPERIDINE for pain
Diuretic drugs to prevent urinary stasis calculus formation

■PROPHYLAXIS to prevent calculus formation includes
low calcium diet for absorptive hypercalciuria.
parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism
ALLOPURINOL for uric acid calculi.
daily administration of oral ascorbic acid to acidify the urine.

■SURGICAL TREATMENT
▪URETEROSCOPY
▪SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY
▪URINE EXTRAVASATION
NATURAL TREATMENT
▪Lemon juice ,olive oil and raw apple cider vinegar.
Procedure
>Mix 2 oz of organic olive oil with 2 oz of organic lemon juice.
>drink it straight and follow with a 12 ounce of glass of purified water.
>wait 30 minutes
>squeeze the juice of 1/2 lemon into 12 ounce of purified glass of water.add 1 tablespoon of organic raw apple cider vinegar and drink.
>repeat the procedure every hour.
▪UVA URSI
>common folk remedy for kidney disease
>infection in the kidney but it may also help reduce pain and cleansed the urinary tract.
>500 mg 3X a day
▪DANDELION ROOTS
>Great kidney tonic and cleaner
>500 mg 2x a day
▪KIDNEY BEANS
>remove bean from inside the pod then boil the pods in purified hot water for 6 hours. Strained through cheese cloth ,cooled and taken throughout the day for one day to ease kidney stone pain.
▪HORSETAILS
>Drink up to 3-4 cups of horsetails tea daily.
>2 grams of the herb in capsule form daily.
>effective natural remedy for kidney stones
▪POMEGRANATE
▪MAGNESIUM
>300 MG of magnesium oratate is recommended daily for prevention and reduction of stones.
▪ORGANIC CELERY
>Celery in vegetables and celery seed are great urine promoter and kidney tonic.
>regular use of celery seed,as a spice or as a tea may prevent kidney stones.
▪BASIL
>Basil tea can be taken throughout the day for overall kidney health
>take one teaspoon each of basil juice with raw honey for 6 months.

SOURCES;

WEbmd
Healthplus24
Global healing center
Thiola.com
kidneystones101.com

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